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Restrictions on authenticated users are not properly enforced, allowing attackers to access unauthorized functionality or data.
Failures related to cryptography which often lead to exposure of sensitive data.
User-supplied data is not validated, filtered, or sanitized, leading to SQL, NoSQL, OS, or LDAP injection.
Missing or ineffective security controls and business logic flaws.
Missing security hardening, unnecessary features enabled, or default credentials in use.
Using components with known vulnerabilities that can be exploited.
Authentication and session management implemented incorrectly.
Code and infrastructure that does not protect against integrity violations.
Insufficient logging, monitoring, and alerting capabilities.
Server-Side Request Forgery - fetching remote resources without validating user-supplied URLs.